An Analysis of Blakes The School Boy Essay - 1745 Words

An Analysis of Blakes The School Boy The School Boy is a typical example of Blakes Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience in its themes and imagery. Like many of the other poems in this work it deals with childhood and the subjugation of its spirit and uses imagery from the natural world. While first published in 1789 as one of the Songs of Innocence there are strong reasons why Blake moved it to the Experience1 section of the 1794 edition. If we compare it to other poems in the collection it sits better with others in Experience than those in Innocence. On first reading The School Boy is the voice of a young boy complaining of being shut inside at his schoolwork instead of playing outside in the sun. When we†¦show more content†¦The contrast is heightened by the similarity of the opening lines, both ending in a summer morn and the way this forces a similar rhyme across the two, and the similar metre and beginning of O! what sweet company. ending Stanza I and O! it drives all joy away; in the second line of Stanza II. The similarities enhance the differences in the two images and show childhood in the two states of pastoral innocence and the experience in restrictive school days leaving the reader with a feeling for the loss of youth. The poet emphasises the oppression of the school room by offering the image Nor in my book can I take delight, nor sit in learnings bower in Stanza III reminding the reader that books and learning can be natural. In the illumination for the 1794 edition this is underscored by an image of a child enjoying a book atop a tree than can be seen at top right3. The domination of the natural and free is further enhanced by the analogy with a caged bird in Stanza IV. The poet uses the image of droop his tender wing, an echo of at times I drooping sit in the previous stanza which strengthens the image of children under a weight. We now have a distinct picture of crushed and destroyed life in the school room, the poet has successfully conveyed to the reader the loss and lassitude of the school boy. Stanzas V and VI are appeals to the alternate authority of the parents to realise the predicament of the child and the dangers in thisShow MoreRelatedEssay about The Voice of the Chimney Sweepers1180 Words   |  5 Pagesand other important Italian figures. Blake’s parents encouraged him to keep a record of all the masters he claimed to keep in contact with. Blake’s father, James Blake, gave him casts and engravings to keep this record. At the age of ten, Blake started at a drawing school named Henry Pars’ Drawing School. Three years later, he was apprenticed to a Master Engraver, James Basire. Blake worked with Basire for seven years, and then attended the Royal Academy School to further his study in drawing, paintingRead MoreWilliam Blake s Innocence And Experience Analysis Essay1529 Words   |  7 PagesIsha Fidai Amber Drown English 2323 14 September 2016 William Blake s Innocence and Experience Analysis The Romantic Era was a movement in literature that began in the late seventeenth century throughout the eighteenth century that was mainly influenced by the natural world and idealism. Romanticism was predominantly focused on emotion and freedom emphasizing individualism. Formed as an uprising against neoclassicism, romanticism was more abstract, focusing on feelings and imaginations, insteadRead MoreIn Many Ways, Poetry Has The Ability To Shape The Minds1226 Words   |  5 Pagesages, poets and writers have been a part of social and political change due to the written works presented to the public. One such poet was William Blake. His poetry has inspired much change in both the past and the present. An analysis of â€Å"The Chimney Sweeper,† one of Blake’s most popular works, can help many to understand the significance of his work in a time period when social riot was visible in the public’s eyes. By exploring the writing style, structure and imagery in this p oem, as well as identifyingRead MoreVideo Analysis on the Long Walk Home749 Words   |  3 PagesSociology Midterm - Video Analysis 1. Summary: The film I chose for this analysis is The Long Walk Home, directed by Richard Pearce. This film is about Odessa, an African-American maid in the Thompson family’s household in Montgomery, Alabama in the 1950s. On December 1, 1955 Rosa Parks ‘refused to obey bus driver James F. Blake’s order to give up her seat in the colored section to a white passenger, after the white section was filled.’ Ms. Parks was arrested and there followed the MontgomeryRead MoreLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 PagesAutomation to Distributed Information Access Solutions Thomas R. Kochtanek and Joseph R. Matthews The Complete Guide to Acquisitions Management Frances C. Wilkinson and Linda K. Lewis Organization of Information, Second Edition Arlene G. Taylor The School Library Media Manager, Third Edition Blanche Woolls Basic Research Methods for Librarians Ronald R. Powell and Lynn Silipigni Connoway Library of Congress Subject Headings: Principles and Ap plication, Fourth Edition Lois Mai Chan Developing Library

Conventional Machining vs Non-Conventional Machining Free Essays

lConventional Machining VS Non-Conventional Machining Conventional machining usually involves changing the shape of a workpiece using an implement made of a harder material. Using conventional methods to machine hard metals and alloys means increased demand of time and energy and therefore increases in costs; in some cases conventional machining may not be feasible. Conventional machining also costs in terms of tool wear and in loss of quality in the product owing to induced residual stresses during manufacture. We will write a custom essay sample on Conventional Machining vs Non-Conventional Machining or any similar topic only for you Order Now With ever increasing demand for manufactured goods of hard alloys and metals, such as Inconel 718 or titanium, more interest has gravitated to non-conventional machining methods. Conventional machining can be defined as a process using mechanical (motion) energy. Non-conventional machining utilises other forms of energy. The three main forms of energy used in non-conventional machining processes are as follows : †¢ †¢ †¢ Thermal energy Chemical energy Electrical energy One example of machining using thermal energy is laser. Thermal methods have many advantages over conventional machining, but there are a few of disadvantages. Inconel 718, titanium and other hard metals and alloys have a very high melting point. Using thermal methods will require high energy input for these materials. Concentrating heat onto any material greatly affects its microstructure and will normally cause cracking, which may not be desirable. Safety requirements for thermal methods, especially la ser, are demanding in terms of time and cost. Machining large areas or many surfaces at the same time using thermal methods is not normally possible. †¢ †¢ †¢ The methods using electrical energy are electrodischarge machining (EDM) and nodic machining (AM), which are similar in practice. EDM, often refered to as spark erosion, uses pulsed voltage to remove material from a workpiece and a non-conductive medium to clear the debris. Because the medium is electrically inert the tool is a direct reverse of the workpiece and no complicated tool design criteria are required. But the shock of spark erosion can affect the microstructure on the surface of the workpiece. Also, EDM has a lower material removal rate than AM. The chemicals used in AM are non-toxic and the energy required is less than other nonconventional machining processes. It has no effect on the microstructure of the workpiece. The electrolyte can even be common sea water, enabling AM to be used in a sub-sea capacity. The hardness and thermal resistivity of the workpiece material do not matter therefore hard metals and alloys can be machined using tools made from softer materials. The only disadvantage is that tool design is a little more complex than that of EDM, but software is being developed to make this easier. The controllability, environmental versatility, speed, safety and absence of change in workpiece microstructure make AM a competitive manufacturing process. How to cite Conventional Machining vs Non-Conventional Machining, Essay examples

Should the United States take on more immigrants Essay Example For Students

Should the United States take on more immigrants? Essay Is the United States hurting from immigration problems? These issues have been debated on for generation.According to the Immigration and Naturalization Service, approximately 300,000 illegal immigrants enter the United States annually (Cozic 12). This large number of immigrants causes many different emotions. For some Americans, immigration is an adversity. Many Americans past and present have reacted to immigrants with fear: fear of unemployment and lower standards of living, fear of different religions and races, fear that immigration is spoiling the U.S. for those already here. The issues of immigration has three important topics: first, the understanding of the history behind immigration. Second, the effect immigration has on the United States. Third and finally, the economic issues associated with immigration today. The history of immigration in the United States is quite interesting. Between 1820, when the U.S. begin keeping count, and 1987, over fifty-four million people left their former homes and migrated to the U.S. (McClellan 12). With the exception of native Americans and African-American descendants of slaves, everyone in the U.S. today is an immigrant or is descended from immigrates. It is really quite interesting that Americans today feel so strongly against immigration when if fact they themselves are immigrants.Today the United States takes in more immigrants than all of the other worlds nations combined (Dudley 13). However, even though these facts are true, Americans seem to continue to fear immigration. During the late 1980 the government passed a immigration act called the Simpson-Rodio Act. This allowed all illegal immigrates living in the country since 1982, legalization. This allowed more than 3 million aliens to live here (Griffin, 363). It also gave employers strict fines for hiring illegal immigrants without documentation. The idea behind the employer sanctions was to diminish or eliminate the demand for undocumented workers, there b y reducing their incentives to enter the country (McConnell 731). This did in fact slow down the number of illegal aliens simple because their was no jobs that existed for them. However, some illegal immigrates were once legal, with a visa. This gave them the right to work in the United States; however, the visa expired making them illegal. Experts say roughly 40 percent of the 200,000 to 300,000 people who become permanent illegal residents each year are actually people who overstay visas (Griffin 372). Therefore, by legalizing !a large number of illegal immigrates didnt help the situation nor did the strict laws on business. In fact it only caused people to come up with better way to get around the system. The problem with immigration isnt that the United States doesnt allow it. Right now the United States accepts about 700,000 immigrants legally each year, more than the rest of the world put together (McConner 733).However, what possibly could happen if the United States closed all of its boarders. Ruben Bonilla, president of the 100,000-member League of United Latin-Americans Citizens, argues that undocumented workers, in addition to playing a positive role in the economy, actually increase tax revenue by paying for Social Security service they seldom use (McClellan 42). The problem with just outlawing immigration is that, Mexico especially would self destroy. The economy of Mexico would fall and the United States could run the risk of a Socialistic society coming in. So to just outlaw of immigration would not benefit the United States in the long run. Therefore, in what ways are immigration benefiting the United States. Obviously, legal immigration has profoundly influences U.S. soc iety. According to Rodman Griffin Numerous studies conclude that migrants enhance productivity in a number of ways (364). Legal immigrants take on seasonal jobs that most Americans wont do, immigrants work hard, and they pay taxes. All of these things are beneficial to the U.S. According to Dudley, author of Immigration; Opposing Viewpoints, Compared to natives, immigrants save more, apply more effort during working hours, have twice as great a propensity to be self-employed, have higher rates of participation in the labor force and are unusually self-reliant and innovation(81). However, their are the illegal immigrates that live a life of mystery. Meaning, that they dont benefit the economy in anyway. They usually get paid under the table and contribute no taxes in the system. In effect many of these workers find it hard to get work. Eventually they begin to strain public services. By Law, illegal immigrants are bared from receiving federal welfare payments and a range of other ben efits, including food stamps and unemployment compensation. However, in some states their are ways around the system. Whether Americans like it or not, once immigrants are here they have certain rights guaranteed by the Constitution. In earlier ears, however, some Americans assumed that undocumented aliens did not have any right whatsoever. Talk of a right to an American education , for example, would have been dismissed out of hand. According the Cozic in the Texas School Case, five of nine justices of the U.S. Supreme court ruled that children of illegal aliens had a constitutional right to public education (76). This ruling was justified by the Fourteenth Amendment statement about equal protection regardless of the citizen status. According to Dudley, author of Immigration; Opposing Viewpoints, the courts believed that education was a fundamental role in maintaining the fabric of our societyto deny children the right of education, would in the long run add to the problems and cos ts of unemployment, welfare, and crimes(367). However, in January of 1997 the court found that just because a child was born in the United States, it is not a citizen. This in effect would eliminate some of the benefits that the child would receive. This does provide some hope; however, their are many citizen children that allow illegal immigrates to receive benefits. Most of the time it is the legal child that allows the family to relieve federal aid. In effect, immigration ends up costing the U.S. large amounts of money for this very reason. For example, a study done in 1993 by Carrying Capacity Network, a nonprofit organization, found that $4.4 billion went into primary-secondary education for illegal immigrate children. .ue247deff32f7793c06f027911e3f37cf , .ue247deff32f7793c06f027911e3f37cf .postImageUrl , .ue247deff32f7793c06f027911e3f37cf .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue247deff32f7793c06f027911e3f37cf , .ue247deff32f7793c06f027911e3f37cf:hover , .ue247deff32f7793c06f027911e3f37cf:visited , .ue247deff32f7793c06f027911e3f37cf:active { border:0!important; } .ue247deff32f7793c06f027911e3f37cf .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue247deff32f7793c06f027911e3f37cf { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue247deff32f7793c06f027911e3f37cf:active , .ue247deff32f7793c06f027911e3f37cf:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue247deff32f7793c06f027911e3f37cf .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue247deff32f7793c06f027911e3f37cf .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue247deff32f7793c06f027911e3f37cf .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue247deff32f7793c06f027911e3f37cf .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue247deff32f7793c06f027911e3f37cf:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue247deff32f7793c06f027911e3f37cf .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue247deff32f7793c06f027911e3f37cf .ue247deff32f7793c06f027911e3f37cf-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue247deff32f7793c06f027911e3f37cf:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Causes of Childhood Obesity EssayImmigrates do receive other forms of governmental aid. For example all illegal have the right to apply for political asylum, a process that can take more than a year and effectively prolong their stay in the United States. Though relatively few illegals have a realistic hope of gaining asylum status, and increasing number are applying, knowing the system cant handle them. those awaiting a ruling on asylum requests often take jobs and meld into the underground economy. So what makes illegal immigrants so attracted to the United States?Fact of the matter is, the United States has more available jobs then most countries surrounding us because of more capital equipment and more advanced technologies which enhance the productivity of labor (McCall, 731). Because the United States wages are higher and therefore it is very beneficial for them to move. However, with these immigrates comes a problems with unemployment. According to Charles Cozic, author of Illegal Immigration, for each 100 working low-skilled immigrates their are 25 displaced U.S. low-skilled workers (75-76) So even though the cost for the immigrates to move to the United States is less then the large benefits they receive, some Americans feel the effects by unemployment. For these unemployed workers the government turns around and provides public services for displaced workers. In 1994 the government arrived at an adjusted total cost of $3.6 to $4.6 billion due to displa!cement. So just because the government isnt paying for the legal immigrates directly, it is paying for immigrations effects on American workers. On a different level, immigration today is causing many environmental and resource issues. Each additional immigrant, regardless of his or her personal qualifications and merits, swells our numbers and further increases the already dangerous level of environmental pollution. Each year the pollution problem is announced as getting worse, yet we continue to except more and more people into our all ready growing nation. For each additional immigrate, that this country legalizes, decrease the amount of natural resource available. For example, land is slowly become more scare. What use to be farm land has been developed, making society depend more on outside resource. The world is moving ever more deeply into the realm of shortages. Every increase in population brings an increase in the per capita cost of reducing pollution. The problem with population is increasing drastically. As the population increases so does the amount of vehicle on the road causing traffic gridlock!and carbon dioxi de pollution. Immigration problems can be better example through the example of the supply and demand curve. If one was to take a look at the percentage that our society demands in the labor force each year, they would discover that even without the legalization of immigrates Americans can well fit that demand. However, the United States keeps on supplying the county with more and more people making the supply of workers out way the demand. Another example is the extreme amounts of illegal immigrates on public services. When the Simpson-Rodio Act passed this caused illegal immigrates to lose their jobs. Which in effect, put more immigrates on public services. Right now in the United States the demand for public services is much higher then the supply of worker contributing to the system. The arguments for and against immigration has three important subject matters: first, the understanding of the history behind immigration. Second, the outcome immigration has on the United States. T hird and finally, the economic questions associated with migration today. Even though immagration can be a benifit to the United States it does bring the country down in others.

The Marketing Environment Report Essay Example

The Marketing Environment Report Paper This year, 2012, Apple launch their latest smart phone, the phone 5. This has the newest and most up-to-date technology that has ever been used on any of heir products with the launch of the ISO 6 software. The marketing environment will aid the launch of this product if used effectively. 2. Method Diagram 1. This represents the elements of the Macro-environment and I will use this diagram to show these elements in an effective way in relation to Apple’s phone 5. Geoff Primp. (2012). Intend to cover the macro-environment in terms of technology and social and demographic. I will not discuss the factors Of politics and legal or the economy as during research I found more significant evidence to suggest that technology and social and demographic changes affect Apple’s phone 5 rater. I will discuss the micro-environment in terms of customers, competitors and intermediaries in detail because these factors have a greater impact on Apple in comparison to suppliers and other stakeholders. Finally, will finish my analysis and interpretation by covering the internal environment in relation to the company’s responsibility and the importance of employee morale as these are more relevant than finance and resources. . Analysis and Interpretation The Macro-environment The macro-environment is comprised of the external factors that a company interacts with, directly or indirectly, states Palmer, A. 2000), 51 . It relates to trends and factors that may affect the relationship an organization has with its customers, suppliers and intermediaries. We will write a custom essay sample on The Marketing Environment Report specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Marketing Environment Report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Marketing Environment Report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Areas that consist in the macro- environment are shown in Figure 1 I aim to discuss two of these: Technology and Social Demographic. Technology is constantly being developed and is evolving rapidly, therefore it is essential for marketers to be aware of these developments taking place and how they may affect their organization. Coinage, G. (2006). Writes that when technology is developed it can affect customer demand for a company’s products or services. This shows that it is important for companies like Apple to use the most up-to-date technology, if they do not have the appropriate technology within their products; customers will not invest in them and will turn to competitors. Coinage, G. (2006). Also states that changing technology may bring forward new opportunities and threats that the company will face in relation to a products lifestyle. This suggests that Apple will have to evaluate new technology available in order to keep customer demand high and to gain competitive advantage by identifying opportunities and threats. Apple will have to ensure that their phone 5 meets he ever changing expectations of their consumers. Apple’s pod sales have gradually decreased as a result of their customers increasing demand for phones and pads instead of MPH devices. Theorizing, D. (2012). Therefore, Apple must analyses the technological changes occurring in the market and evolve to ensure that all products remain up-to-date and desirable to customers. Social and demographic changes in society will have an impact on an organization such as Apple due to the fact that they are constantly dealing with customers who are part of a changing population. Organizations must e able to deal with demographic changes such as the ageing population that we are in today. The section of the population aged 65 and over is expected to rise from 13% up to 20% over a 50 year period, states Paul Heathery. This shows that it is essential for companies to consider the older generation as they are a large segment of the market. Therefore, if companies are able to develop their products and services to suit elderly people, they will find themselves in a much better position in the market. Apple has been able to cater for this segment as they have the â€Å"App Store† which allows customers to unload a variety of APS from â€Å"Matcher†, to â€Å"Angry Birds†. Apple have allowed themselves to appeal to a mass market which enables them to deal with the demographic change of the ageing population and still keep their younger customers interested. The Micro-environment The micro-environment of an organization is the companies or individuals that affect the organization’s activities, directly or indirectly. In the micro- environment, the key groups are Customers; Competitors; Suppliers; Intermediaries; and Other stakeholders. I will discuss this environment in terms of Apple’s customers, competitors and intermediaries. For a company like Apple, it is important to be aware of customer markets and their needs as each market have distinct, separate needs. For example, consumer markets are individuals who will use Apple’s products for personal and leisure use. The needs of this market will differ noticeably from those of Business markets and Reseller markets who are essentially looking to make further profit/use from Apple’s products. Palmer, A. (2000) states that ideally, organizations should be able to predict what customers will want next rather than waiting to see before acting. From this, Apple must be aware Of their customers’ deeds as the success of the phone 5 will rely on how well the company know their customers. Apple is at an advantage as they have had huge success with several other products that has given them an established brand with a huge number of loyal customers. Steve M. Chain, former Apple Marketing Executive and Consumer Marketing Expert comments on Apples advertisements: â€Å"They are inviting you to experience the Apple lifestyle and to become part of the pod community. † This comment shows how Apple have created a ‘community’ that is associated with the company that customers want to be a part of, this will market their products in itself. As well as predicting what their customers may do/want next, companies must be aware of what their competitors might do next. A company can have direct competitors and indirect competitors. Direct competitors are similar companies who aim to meet customer needs in a similar way as they intend to. For example Samsung would be a direct competitor to Apple as they are in the same industry (mobile phones) and have similar customers who expect similar products and features within those products. Analysis’s predict that by the end of 2012 the phone 5 will have sold an estimated million phones, ND Samsung Galaxy SO is to sell around 30 million. Williams, A. (2010). This shows how competitive the mobile phone industry is and the success of a company depends on the loyalty of customers, modern technology in the product and how well the product meets customer’s expectations. Indirect competitors produce different products, but ultimately satisfy the same need. This type of competitor is hard to identify and therefore it is important for companies to research potential competitors fully in order to be able to respond quickly to changes. Intermediaries are companies such as retailers, distributors and wholesales. These are companies in which most organizations will be involved in and therefore it is important for them to be selling the right image of the organization. Carapace Warehouse would be a retailer of Apple. This could affect Apple because the employees selling an phone 5 directly to a customer will be able to project a positive image of the product to the customer. Similarly, if an employee appears lethargic and detached a customer is unlikely to want to purchase the product they are promoting. The Internal Environment The internal environment of an organization in relation to marketing consists f the organizational structure, its responsibility, finance and the development of its employees. If internal marketing is done effectively, it can help to create an ethos resulting in high quality services to customers. â€Å"Apple’s core mission: making the best products and experiences it can for customers. † Jog, E. (2012). Jog E also states that Apple have made their employees a priority as they have recognized that when their staff are happy, productivity is increased and therefore profits and revenue is increased in turn. Staff are encouraged and rewarded in order to keep motivation and job distraction at a high as this attitude reflects onto their customers and will give a positive image to the company. Due to the fact that they have implemented rewards such as sabbaticals for employees and â€Å"blue-sky’ (see Appendix 1), Apple should not have problems in regards to its internal marketing because of its clear organizational structure and its reward system ensuring employees are supported and happy.

Free Panera Bread Economics Essay

Free Panera Bread Economics Essay Panera Bread Strategy Panera ventured into a restaurant service known as fast food. This was after noting that customers were increasingly looking for special food, that which is a departure from the normal run-off-the-mill. The other thing was that the customers not only wanted the fast food affair, but also wanted quick service. The outcome of the findings was the conclusion that the consumers wanted a combination of fast food and high quality service (Barringer, and Duane, par 3). This made the owners of Panera adopt what we can now call Position Strategy. This is a characteristic of the restaurant industries that are called the First Casual. The terms are basically referring to speed and good quality. Their aim to harness the consumers through this has helped them become the leading bread caf companies in the USA. The table beloow explains this strategy well. The company hires well trained bekers with experience in baking.in all their chain of bekeries the bakers craft the bread from scratch to the end. They use the best ingredients to come up with high quality bread. The workers are also highly remunerated. They earn almost 30% higher than the closest competitor. Paneras services are very timely and they are also ready, or on hand. Swot Panera effectively identified its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats, and their after working on them to come up with the leading strategy. Its strengths are: Panera is leading in the country. It has also won the award for sourdough bread. In addition to those, its food is of high quality and it has plausible customer loyalty. The weaknesses that Panera has are the inconsistent soup quality, dinner time amounts to small profits, the brand is not well known in new markets and the brand is becoming too common in St. Luis. The opportunities that are available are the increasing health awareness among the customers, and enough room for expansion. The potential threat is the increasing completion in the market. Strategic Management Issues Panera bread still face strategic management issues. The main problem is the ever rising comeption. This is because food chains and dines are responding to demand of fast food. This causes a very stiff competition to the restaurant industry. Good examples are budger King and McDonalds who are now venturing g into the fast food. The other thing is the rising cost of production. This has imposed downward pressure on Paneras operating cost. Panera has a food menu that is dominated by carbohydrate food. This may cause the customers to look for alternatives that are healthier. Like many industres and restaurants, Panera has been affected by global recession. This is a challenge that it is trying to deal with. Financial state Panera income has increased steadily through the pas three years. However its operating ioncome has come down because of rising cost of production. Wiki analysis shows that: Panera reported a net income increase of 38% in Q3 (ended September 29, 2009), growing from $13.7 million in Q3 2008 to $18.9 million in Q3 2009. Total revenue grew 6% from $315 million to $335 million, for with operating margins growing from 7.2% to 9.5%. Over the third quarter, Panera opened 19 new bakery-cafes in Q3, increasing its total to 1,362 total stores in operation by the end of Q3. At the same time, comparable bakery-caf sales growth increased by 2.8% over Q3 2008 growth Panera attributes to the introduction of new products, successful marketing, and growth in its catering business (Panera Bread Company, par 4).

Causes and Correlates of Adolescent Drug

Experimentation with illicit drugs and substance use is common among youth population. This is the most common reason for early onset of drugs which exposes youth to developmental harm and risk of developing mental health problems. Early onset of drug is also associated with depression, anxiety, psychosis and educational under achievement among youth population. Due to such harm and health risk to youth population, it is necessary to evaluate how far policies and programs implemented for preventing early drug onset among youths have mitigated different   risk factors of drug abuse (Modesto-Lowe et al. 2008). The essay particularly evaluates the effectives of this program and preventive strategies to identify strength and weakness in approach. Based on this evaluation, it recommends possible steps to improve current strategies to delay the onset of drugs. As there is emphasis on early intervention to reduce the cost and harm associated with early drug onset among youths, it is necessary to evaluate education programs implemented for youths in Australia. The review of such school based educational programs for preventing alcohol and other drugs revealed that the school-based program has harm minimization goal and it mainly employed the principle of social influence approach or cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT). By this approach, youth were taught to resist external pressure and strengthen their coping skills. CBT helped to analyse and modify the negative thinking pattern and behavior of school children. The CLIMATE program for alcohol and cannabis and other programs like SHAHRP, Life Education, Greenhouse project and Resilient Family Intervention gave mixed results. While CLIMATE, SHAHRP and greenhouse projects have significant effect in reducing risk, the other two programs gave no significant results. The main strength of these inter ventions was that the program was implemented by means of a computer-delivery method. This minimized the cost involved in recruiting and training the staffs for education and guaranteed flexible and consistent delivery of information. However, minimum efficacy was found for those schools which had minimum resource for internet based delivery of prevention and where teachers failed to adapt the program according to the needs of particular school (Teesson et al. 2012). Hence, in the future, it is necessary that resource of the school is developed to deliver internet-based educational program to promote efficacy. The key teachings of the educational program should also be supported by evidence (Bonomo and Bowes 2001). As the above evaluation suggested lack of resource regarding computer based program behind the reason for poor outcome of the program, this section particularly evaluates the effectiveness of the universal computer-based Climate School psycho-stimulants and cannabis module. In the randomized controlled study with secondary school children in Australia, students were randomized to computer-based Climate schools program and the usual health classes group. The Climate program was based on social influence approach to harm minimisation. The impact of the Climate Schools program on school children was that they decreased pro-drug attitude due to better awareness about the ill-effects of cannabis and psychostimulants. The frequency of experimentation use of drugs among children significantly reduced which resulted in subdued uptake. In comparison with children who received usual drug education, climate school group children had better used cannabis less often. The advantaged of computer-ba sed delivery was that use of cartoon story raised interest among children and they could recall the information very well. However, one limitation of the Climate School program is that although it reduced children’s intention to use meth/amphetamine among youths, it could not sustain these intention for longer time (Vogl et al. 2014). Hence, to sustain the long-term knowledge and preventive behavior related to early drug onset, it is necessary to continue ongoing intervention in a sequential and regular pattern. The feasibility of the program can be further increased by encouraging children to bring their own laptop to schools. Among all the alcohol education programs implemented in schools, the Climate Schools, All Stars and Project ALERT   was most effective in yielding positive results for children. Many other programs lacked efficacy because of poor quality of research and inconsistency in approach. The programs which gave evidence of good effect included revealed use of multiple peer-reviewed publications as the reason for good outcome in such programs (Roche et al. 2014). Similarly, the study regarding primary school drug education in UK indicated that impact cannot be measure as understanding of true effects requires long timescale. Therefore, the study suggested that those programs are successful that are long-term and intensive on their goals and employ interacting teaching styles and wider community to mitigate the early drug use (Lloyd et al. 2000). Hence, the review suggest that most effective alcohol education program is dependent on availability of effective resource such as managing accessi bility issues and training staffs in efficiently adapting the program in school setting. Furthermore, extension of supportive network is also essential to guarantee the success of the program such as collaboration with families and local community to bring a cultural change and reinforce preventive message not just in schools but at family and community level too. The National Drug Strategy (NDS) is one of the policies regarding the prevention of substance use, risk and harm in Australia. This was a supply reduction and harm reduction strategy to disrupt supply of illicit drugs, prevent uptake of harmful drugs and reduce drug related to harm to people. The National Drug Strategic Framework was implemented in Australia in 2004 which provided a balanced approach to reducing the supply and demand of drugs. Apart from training, monitoring and evaluation, the policy also focussed on research and other measures to prevent the harm associated with drug use (National Drug Strategy - National Drug Strategic Framework 2017). The goal of the national policy was to set an evidence based prevention agenda by means of strategic mapping of system and pathways that are interconnected with risk factors and outcome.   The strategy was effective as it dependent on extensive review of scientific literature to implement corrective actions for the community. Exte nsive research was done in all areas related to efficacy of different risk and protection model, cost-effectiveness of alcohol and drug interventions, legal status of drugs, patterns of use in early years and impact on individual and families (Butler 2005). There is strong implication of the efficacy of this policy. The developments and actions mentioned in this policy can guide public level action reducing the harm of drug use among youths. In future, there is a need to invest in early childhood development and maximize human potential to take full advantage of the protection and risk reduction approach to prevention of drugs. Cannabis is one of the drugs highly used by adolescent children and young adults. They intermittently use this drug till the age of 20 for experimentation purpose and very few of them proceed to long-term regular use. Considering the high prevalence of lifetime use among females in between 1995 to 2000, a vigorous campaign was launched to take action against this practice. To distinguish harm reduction as a policy goal, the main criteria was to include harm reduction as a primary goal and to plan strategies that can bring net-reduction in drug-related harm. Some of the issues found in the strategy of harm reduction is that lack of longitudinal research on adverse health effects delayed making causal inferences. Secondly, the irrational policy and drug law reform acted as an obstacle in evaluation of action for explicit harm reduction. This issue is widely found in raising awareness regarding harm reduction for cannabis. The most probable chronic harm of regular use include cannabis d ependence syndrome, cognitive impairment, respiratory distress and the harm related to acute use include psychological impact such as dysphoria, panic attacks and paranoia. As adolescents particularly belong to high-risk group for adverse effect of cannabis, there is a need to consider legal harm of preventive cannabis use among youths (Swift et al. 2000). There is a need to develop a balance between harm reduction approach and acceptable public message so that other issues are not exacerbated. A realistic and flexible approach will help to yield positive results. Recent research findings should also be included in the strategy to reduce the harm related to enhance health and well-being of society. There is great argument regarding the implementation of the harm reduction approach into an adolescent context. This debate exists due to the views on zero tolerance and legalization of certain drugs. Zero tolerance approach is also not ethically correct because abrupt ban or disruption may also harm addicted individual or youths. Zero tolerance promotes complete prohibition of any form of drug use. On the other hand, legalization and decriminalization of drugs involves removing criminal sanction for possession and sale of drugs. Many oppose these two steps as by this means drug use will further increase among youths (Bonomo and Bowes 2001). Harm reduction approach can balance these two extreme issues by means of implementing two forms of strategies. The first may focus on reducing harms among drug users and other may focus on those vulnerable to initiating drug use. For example, educational campaigns related to safely injecting drugs can reduce blood borne infection and educational strategies on social context can educate young children about the risk of this drugs in their development stage. This would be a rational and relevant approach to achieve better response and prevent drug-related harm. The review and evaluation of current program and strategies to delay the age of drug onset presents weakness in approach resulting in poor response or wide issues at public level. Although some programs were found to be highly effective in integrating right resource to reduce the use of drugs, other programs failed due to lack of adequate infrastructure and training in staff regarding implementing the program. This problem was mainly seen in educational program implemented at school level. For instance, Climate school program was highly efficacious in reducing drug related in harm in school children, however poor outcome was seen due to limitations in infrastructure and design of the program. To improve the performance of school-based educational program in reducing risk of drug use, there is a need to specifically target high-risk group adolescents. The advantage of focusing on high-risk group is that it will maximize preventive outcome for high-risk students as well as lead to positive health behaviour in other youths (Teesson et al. 2012). Secondly limitation found from the evaluation of approach was that educational programs and modules were prepared without integration of peer-reviewed intervention strategies to prevent drug use. This resulted in poor quality of prevention programs resulting in poor or moderate outcome. Hence, extensive research is required while preparing educational modules so that evidence based public intervention is delivered and the program has the potential to improve health behaviour in long-term too (Jenson and Fraser 2015). Improvement in primary prevention strategies for drug prevention is also necessary so and it should be based on theoretical foundation for prevention. For example, while designing educational programs, social determinants, risk and protective factors of health should be adequately covered (Munro and Ramsden, 2017). There are various public health system model available and selecting of these models should depend on the setting, context and severity of drug use issue in target group. Community based approach is necessary so that not just youths, but teachers, parents and local community groups are involved in curbing the menace of high drug use among children. To promote success of intervention, infrastructure and program should be tailored to the needs of the local community and keys actions should be consistent with overall program objectives (Spooner 2009). The essay focused on the public health issue of high prevalence and early onset of drug use among youths. Youths engage in this practice to experiment or gain the ecstasy of drugs. As many of them shift to lifetime consumption of drugs, it leads to many health related consequences such as drug dependency, psychological problem and paranoia. Hence, the evaluation of current educational program and policies was necessary to analyse the extent to which they are effective in delaying in early onset of drugs. This evaluation helped in the identification of limitations in the approach and proposed possible recommendation to yield better results and sustain them for long-term too. Bonomo, Y.A. and Bowes, G., 2001. Putting harm reduction into an adolescent context.  Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health,  37(1), pp.5-8. Butler, S., 2005. The prevention of substance use, risk and harm in Australia: a review of the evidence.  Drugs: education, prevention and policy,  12(3), pp.247-248. Jenson, J.M. and Fraser, M.W. eds., 2015.  Social policy for children and families: A risk and resilience perspective. Sage Publications. Lloyd, Ruth Joyce, Jane Hurry, Mike Ashton, C., 2000. The effectiveness of primary school drug education.  Drugs: education, prevention and policy,  7(2), pp.109-126. Modesto-Lowe, V., Petry, N.M. and McCartney, M., 2008. Intervening early to reduce developmentally harmful substance use among youth populations.  The Medical journal of Australia,  188(8), p.494. Munro, G. and Ramsden, R. 2017.  Primary prevention: preventing uptake of drugs. [online] Available at: https://file:///C:/Users/SONY/Desktop/Shopify/Shopify/1315953_80810843_DrugUseinAustralianSociety.pdf [Accessed 15 Apr. 2017]. National Drug Strategy - National Drug Strategic Framework. 2017.   Nationaldrugstrategy.gov.au.   [online] Available at: https://www.nationaldrugstrategy.gov.au/internet/drugstrategy/publishing.nsf/Content/national-drug-strategic-framework-lp [Accessed 15 Apr. 2017]. Roche, A., Battams, S., Cameron, J. and Lee, N., 2014.  Alcohol education for Australian schools: What are the most effective programs?. [online] Available at: https://nceta.flinders.edu.au/files/7914/1534/0597/EN556.pdf [Accessed 15 Apr. 2017]. Spooner, C. 2009.  Causes and correlates of adolescent drug abuse and implications for treatment. [online] Available at: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09595239996329 [Accessed 15 Apr. 2017]. Swift, Jan Copeland, Simon Lenton, W., 2000. Cannabis and harm reduction.  Drug and Alcohol Review,  19(1), pp.101-112. Teesson, M., Newton, N.C. and Barrett, E.L., 2012. Australian school?based prevention programs for alcohol and other drugs: A systematic review.  Drug and Alcohol Review,  31(6), pp.731-736. Vogl, L. E., Newton, N. C., Champion, K. E., & Teesson, M. (2014). A universal harm-minimisation approach to preventing psychostimulant and cannabis use in adolescents: a cluster randomised controlled trial.  Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy,  9(1), 24.

Information system development Blog Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Information system development Blog - Essay Example Converse to the past technologies it is infrastructural based. Web 3.0 will add more value to users since the technology will be with human capabilities of accurately and precisely determining information required, translating to more relevant information. There will be a changeover towards metacomputing. This is expected to be brought up by the envisioned web 4.0 (2020) through Webos and internet operating software applications. These applications will enhance distributive search and use of intelligent personal agents. In addition it will lead to efficient utilization of computers connected by a network (Prabhu.8) The experience of surfing over the internet will be more efficient and effective. This will be attributable to the development of natural user interface (NUI). These will increase internet users satisfaction efficiently. Moreover, advancement of Smartphone which have more functionality in regard to internet will enhance mobile computing. It is highly likely that the next wave in computer interfaces will be envisioned in the speech technology. This will involve a process whereby the computer will have the capacity to transform sound speech to text. Moreover, when the speech-output technology whereby this will invigorate the blogging arena whereby, blog users will not be typing in response rather they will be talk blogging. Furthermore, photo-sharing sites and social sites will incorporate speech technology and video chats (Chen 324). Interactive systems have enhanced online markets. Through interactive systems, business people have had a chance to advertise their products and services where customers get a chance to view them and organize a purchase. In future there is a possibility that physical markets will be eliminated and e-bay (online markets) will be the talk of the day. People will no longer have to visit show rooms or avail themselves to service